简介
在本教程中,您将学习如何使用 Bootstrap 2.0 工具包来创建表单。
Bootstrap 已经为 input、textarea 和 select 等表单控件定义样式,支持列表和复选框,为禁用的表单控件定义样式,包括每个表单控件的错误、警告、成功状态。
自版本 2.0 起,Bootstrap 提供了四中类型的表单布局 -
- 垂直(默认)
- 搜索
- 内联
- 水平
在 Bootstrap 的上一个版本中,表单布局默认是水平布局。但是,自版本 2.0 起,垂直布局是默认布局。
创建垂直表单布局
为 bootstrap.css 中 .form-vertical class 的 Bootstrap 默认表单布局(即垂直表单)定义样式。但是由于这是默认表单布局,在通过默认布局创建表单的时候,不需要规定 .form-vertical class。下面的实例演示一个通过 Bootstrap 2.0 默认表单布局创建的表单。
.well class 用于创建表单的容器(当然,它还有其他用途)。这个 class 可在 bootstrap.css 中行号 1650 到 1663 找到。对于这个布局,输入框是块级的(block level)。下面的实例演示如何使用 Bootstrap 创建一个默认表单布局。
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Bootstrap Version2.0 default form layout example</title> <meta name="description" content="Bootstrap Version2.0 default form layout example from ziqiangxuetang.com."> <link href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <form class="well"> <label>Label name</label> <input type="text" class="span3" placeholder="Type something…"> <span class="help-inline">Associated help text!</span> <label class="checkbox"> <input type="checkbox"> Check me out </label> <button type="submit" class="btn">Submit</button> </form> </body> </html>
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创建搜索表单布局
使用位于 bootstrap.css 中行号为 962 到 1003 (这些行也包含了 .form-inline 的样式)的 .form-search class,来创建一个搜索表单。对于这个布局,输入框是块级的(block level)。下面是一个实例:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Bootstrap Version2.0 search form layout example</title> <meta name="description" content="Bootstrap Version2.0 search form layout example from ziqiangxuetang.com."> <link href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <form class="well form-search"> <input type="text" class="input-medium search-query"> <button type="submit" class="btn">Search</button> </form> </body> </html>
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创建内联表单布局
使用位于 bootstrap.css 中行号为 962 到 1003 (这些行也包含了 .form-search 的样式)的 .form-inline class,来创建一个内联表单。对于这个布局,输入框是内联的(inline)。下面是一个实例:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Bootstrap Version2.0 inline form layout example</title> <meta name="description" content="Bootstrap Version2.0 inline form layout example from ziqiangxuetang.com."> <link href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <form class="well form-inline"> <input type="text" class="input-small" placeholder="Email"> <input type="password" class="input-small" placeholder="Password"> <label class="checkbox"> <input type="checkbox"> Remember me </label> <button type="submit" class="btn">Sign in</button> </form> </body> </html>
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创建水平表单布局
使用位于 bootstrap.css 中的 .form-horizontal class,来创建一个水平表单。对于这个布局,输入框是块级的(block level)。下面是一个实例:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Bootstrap Version2.0 horizontal form layout example</title> <meta name="description" content="Bootstrap Version2.0 horizontal form layout example from ziqiangxuetang.com."> <link href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <form class="form-horizontal"> <fieldset> <legend>Controls Bootstrap supports</legend> <div class="control-group"> <label class="control-label" for="input01">Text input</label> <div class="controls"> <input type="text" class="input-xlarge" id="input01"> <p class="help-block">In addition to freeform text, any HTML5 text-based input appears like so.</p> </div> </div> <div class="control-group"> <label class="control-label" for="optionsCheckbox">Checkbox</label> <div class="controls"> <label class="checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="optionsCheckbox" value="option1"> Option one is this and that—be sure to include why it's great </label> </div> </div> <div class="control-group"> <label class="control-label" for="select01">Select list</label> <div class="controls"> <select id="select01"> <option>something</option> <option>2</option> <option>3</option> <option>4</option> <option>5</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="control-group"> <label class="control-label" for="multiSelect">Multicon-select</label> <div class="controls"> <select multiple="multiple" id="multiSelect"> <option>1</option> <option>2</option> <option>3</option> <option>4</option> <option>5</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="control-group"> <label class="control-label" for="fileInput">File input</label> <div class="controls"> <input class="input-file" id="fileInput" type="file"> </div> </div> <div class="control-group"> <label class="control-label" for="textarea">Textarea</label> <div class="controls"> <textarea class="input-xlarge" id="textarea" rows="3"></textarea> </div> </div> <div class="form-actions"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Save changes</button> <button class="btn">Cancel</button> </div> </fieldset> </form> </body> </html>
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Bootstrap 表单控件的浏览器状态
当输入字段获得焦点或者输入字段被禁用或者字段只读时,Bootstrap 已经为这些定义样式。在 bootstrap.css 中从行号 677 到 697,为获得焦点的输入框和输入域元素定义了样式。
首先,Webkit "outline" 作为 ":focus" 的值使用,但是现在已经变为 " box-shadow"。
下面是一个实例,展示了获得焦点的输入框、只读的输入框、禁用的输入框、禁用的复选框和禁用的按钮的样式如何改变。
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Bootstrap Version2.0 horizontal form browser status example</title> <meta name="description" content="Bootstrap Version2.0 horizontal form browser status example from ziqiangxuetang.com."> <link href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <form class="form-horizontal"> <fieldset> <legend>Controls Bootstrap supports</legend> <div class="control-group"> <label class="control-label" for="input01">Focused Input</label> <div class="controls"> <input type="text" class="input-xlarge" id="input01"> <p class="help-block">In addition to freeform text, any HTML5 text-based input appears like so.</p> </div> </div> <div class="control-group"> <label class="control-label" for="input01">Read only Input</label> <div class="controls"> <input type="text" class="input-xlarge" id="input01" readonly="true"> <p class="help-block">In addition to freeform text, any HTML5 text-based input appears like so.</p> </div> </div> <div class="control-group"> <label class="control-label" for="input01">Disabled Input</label> <div class="controls"> <input type="text" class="input-xlarge" id="input01" disabled> <p class="help-block">In addition to freeform text, any HTML5 text-based input appears like so.</p> </div> </div> <div class="control-group"> <label class="control-label" for="optionsCheckbox" reado>Checkbox (disabled)</label> <div class="controls"> <label class="checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="optionsCheckbox" value="option1" disabled> Option one is this and that—be sure to include why it's great </label> </div> </div> <div class="form-actions"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" disabled>Save changes (disabled button)</button> <button class="btn">Cancel</button> </div> </fieldset> </form> </body> </html>
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为表单验证定义样式
Bootstrap 2.0 可以为验证表单时的错误、警告、成功状态定义样式。这是很好的特性,由于当用户提交表单数据发生错误时,或者需要生成一个警告时,甚至是通知用户已经成功提交数据时,需要向用户展示不同的样式。
这里有一个实例:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Bootstrap Version2.0 form error example</title> <meta name="description" content="Bootstrap Version2.0 form error example from ziqiangxuetang.com."> <link href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <form class="form-horizontal"> <fieldset> <legend>Form validation error, warning and success</legend> <div class="control-group error"> <label class="control-label" for="inputError">Input with error</label> <div class="controls"> <input type="text" id="inputError"> <span class="help-inline">Please correct the error</span> </div> </div> <div class="control-group warning"> <label class="control-label" for="inputWarning">Input with warning</label> <div class="controls"> <input type="text" id="inputWarning"> <span class="help-inline">Something may have gone wrong</span> </div> </div> <div class="control-group success"> <label class="control-label" for="inputSuccess">Input with success</label> <div class="controls"> <input type="text" id="inputSuccess"> <span class="help-inline">Successfully entered</span> </div> </div> <div class="control-group success"> <label class="control-label" for="selectError">Select with success</label> <div class="controls"> <select id="selectError"> <option>1</option> <option>2</option> <option>3</option> <option>4</option> <option>5</option> </select> <span class="help-inline">Successfully selected</span> </div> </div> </fieldset> </form> </body> </html>